哈萨克斯坦渔业主要水域环境现状及保护对策

分析了哈萨克斯坦渔业主要水域的环境现状。伊犁河（Ile River）-巴尔喀什湖（Balhash Lake）、乌拉尔河（Oral River）-里海（Caspian Sea）、锡尔河（Ser River）-咸海（Aral Sea）、额尔齐斯河（Ertis River）-斋桑泊（Zai-sang Lake）均受不同程度的污染,污染物有化肥、农药、石油产物、重金属及含氮化合物、氯化物、硫酸盐,来源包括国内外两个渠道。污染物破坏渔业主要水域生境,对水生物种（鱼类）的安全造成威胁,导致了水生生物资源衰竭。国家有关管理部门应采取相应标准化管理措施,依法执行治理工作,防止国外污染物进入本国渔业水域;并通过和邻国联合对哈国渔业主要水域环境及生物资源开展保护与利用研究,确保本国主要渔业水域生态环境的可持续发展,保护与合理利用人类共有资源。     

Sea turtle by‐catch in the Mediterranean

Sea turtle by‐catch data in the Mediterranean were reviewed and analysed with fishing effort. The results indicate over 132 000 captures per year, with probably over 44 000 incidental deaths per year, while many others are killed intentionally. Small vessels using set net, demersal longline or pelagic longline represent most of the Mediterranean fleet and likely cause more incidental or intentional deaths than large vessels typically using bottom trawl or pelagic longline. When interactions, mortality, intentional killing, size (a proxy for reproductive value) and turtle populations are considered, results indicate that Mediterranean green (Chelonia mydas) and loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) are more affected (i) by fishing gears such as bottom trawlers, demersal longlines and set nets, (ii) by small‐scale fisheries, and (iii) by fishing in the eastern basin. Although small‐scale fisheries should be the priority target, available measures are easier to implement on the fewer large vessels. Moreover, these measures are few, and they are not implemented yet, while others should still be tested for the Mediterranean fisheries. Thus, measures for reducing captures or mortality through changing gear‐specific characteristics may help, but probably a more holistic conservation strategy aimed to an ecosystem‐based fishery management for a sustainable fishing would be the only solution for the long‐term survival of Mediterranean Sea turtle populations and their habitats. Small‐scale fisheries should manage marine resources, including turtles, in a responsible and sustainable way. Turtles may not only benefit from but can also help this process if their non‐consumptive value is fully recognized.     

福建海洋渔业生态环境研究现状及发展趋势

海洋渔业环境污染和生态退化已成为制约福建省海洋渔业可持续发展的主要问题。进行海洋渔业水域生态环境的研究，对海洋渔业资源和渔业环境的保护起着重要作用，可为海洋渔业的健康持续发展提供理论和技术支撑。本文根据近年来福建沿海渔业水域生态环境的研究资料，综述了福建沿海渔业生态环境的研究现状，分析了目前以及今后海洋渔业生态环境研究...     

渔场鱼量模型的建立

微分方程的平衡点可分为稳定和不稳定两种。当轻轻扰动平衡点时，系统状态就会剧烈变化。若新的状态决不会回到原平衡点，此点就是不稳定的；相反，如果一个系统在稳定平衡点附近受到干扰，它总是企图回到平衡点，那么此点就是稳定的。用这一数学工具可以解决诸如渔场鱼量等一系列实际问题。     

内陆河水资源合理利用的优化分配方法

依据内陆河流域不同区域在水资源条件、气候条件、经济发展水平及水资源利用途径等方面的差异性，以及时序上水资源的利用规律，提出了旨在合理利用水资源，改善生态环境的水资源优化分配方法。通过在黑河流域的实例应用，论证了该方法的有效性。     

Behavior and mortality of caught-and-released bonefish (Albula spp.) in Bahamian waters with implications for a sustainable recreational fishery

Bonefish (Albula spp.) are a widely distributed group of morphologically indistinguishable marine fish species, that provide a recreational sport fishery, that is important for many local economies. Although the majority of angled bonefish are released following capture, little is known about their behavior or post-release survival. Using ultrasonic transmitters and small visual floats, we assessed behavior and mortality of bonefish following catch-and-release angling at spring water temperatures (25.5-27.3 °C) in two regions of the Bahamas with differing shark abundances. All observed mortality occurred within 30 min of release and was a direct result of predation by sharks. In the low shark abundance areas, all released bonefish survived, whereas in the high shark abundance areas, some mortality (39%) was observed. Exhaustively angled fish exposed to air had problems maintaining equilibrium following release. These fish typically spent substantial periods of the first 30 min post-release remaining stationary, then moved in rapid bursts. The results of this study, highlight the benefits of angling and releasing bonefish quickly, minimizing handling and particularly air exposure. Furthermore, when shark predation threat is high, anglers should avoid releasing bonefish in the immediate area. The conservation of exploited recreational bonefish fisheries will depend upon the development and dissemination of science-based catch-and-release strategies.     

澳大利亚海洋渔业工程发展概况与中澳海洋渔业合作前景分析

海洋渔业经济是海洋经济中重要的组成部分,而海洋渔业工程则是未来海洋渔业经济中极具潜力且可持续发展性较强的领域。中国、澳大利亚两国同为海洋资源、海洋渔业资源大国,未来如何更好利用本国丰富的海洋资源,进一步发展海洋渔业经济是两国面临的共同课题。该研究通过对澳大利亚海洋渔业工程的发展现状及特点进行分析,采用文献档案整理、大数据统计、具体案例分析等方法,梳理澳大利亚海洋渔业工程的优劣势,分析中澳海洋渔业经济合作的基础、优势、困难与挑战,并展望中、澳两国在海洋渔业领域尤其是水产养殖业开展深度合作、实现互利共赢的前景。得出结论,中国与澳大利亚展开海洋渔业经济合作,打通蓝色经济走廊是对中国"一带一路"倡议的重要组成部分,既符合两国的根本利益,互为各自经济的有益补充,又可以一定程度上化解澳大利亚对中国"一带一路"倡议的误解。     

基于水质-声音-视觉融合的循环水养殖鱼类摄食强度识别

在工厂化循环水养殖中，准确识别鱼类摄食强度是实现精准投喂的前提和关键。水质、视觉、声音等单模态数据均可用于评估摄食强度，但单一模态往往具有片面性，难以完全反映全局特征，存在识别精度低、可移植性差等问题。多模态方法通过融合不同模态的特征，可为摄食强度量化提供新的手段。基于此，为融合鱼类摄食中的“水质-声音-视觉”信息，实现高精度的鱼类摄食强度量化，该研究在多模态Transformer（multimodal transformer，MulT）的基础上，提出一种多模态融合的鱼类摄食强度识别算法Fish-MulT。首先，从输入的水质、声音和视觉数据中提取特征向量；其次，利用多模态转移模块（multimodal transfer module，MMTM）对输入的特征向量进行融合，得到3种融合向量；然后对融合向量添加自适应权重并相加，得到融合模态；最后，利用融合模态将MulT算法中各模态分支的跨模态Transformer（cross-modal transformer）从2个优化为1个。试验结果表明，与MulT算法相比，本文算法的鱼类摄食强度识别准确率由93.30%提高到95.36%，参数量减少38%。与水质、声音和视觉单模态相比，准确率分别提高68.56%、21.65%和3.61%。可用于制定精准投喂策略，并为开发智能投喂系统提供技术支持。     

中国渔业“大国效应”特征、战略选择及其政策建议

中国是渔业大国,但与其他渔业大国相比,存在显著不同的发展环境、条件和特点。本文在以往讨论我国渔业大国的基础上,综合学者的研究成果,以"大国效应"为视点,讨论我国渔业大国现象特征、研究其规律;归纳分析了秘鲁、日本和前苏联等渔业大国的"优势陷阱";对我国渔业战略发展提出积极运用渔业大国效应、保持领先发展战略的政策建议。     

Notes on the Bathypelagic Fauna of the Seas Around South Africa

The preliminary results of a study of the endemic giant tortoise population of Aldabra Atoll in the Indian Ocean (Geochehne gigantea Schweigger) are briefly described. Their number would appear to have increased dramatically since the turn of the century to their present level of some 141 000 individuals. Crude estimates of mortality and reproductive rates are also given.